Catalytic Chemosensing Assay for Selective Detection of Methyl Parathion Organophosphate Pesticide

Herein, a catalytic chemosensing assay (CCA), based on a bimetallic complex, [Ru^II(bpy)₂(CN)₂]₂(Cu^II)₂ (bpy=2,2′-bipyridine), is described. This complex integrates a task-specific catalyst (Cu^I-catalyst) and a signaling unit ([Ru^II(bpy)₂(CN)₂]) to specifically hydrolyze methyl parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate (OP) pesticide. The bimetallic complex catalyzed the hydrolysis of the phosphate ester to generate o,o-dimethyl thiophosphate (DTP) anion and 4-nitrophenolate. Intrinsically, 4-nitrophenolate absorbed UV/Vis light at λ_max=400 nm, creating the first level of the chemosensing signal. DTP interacted with the original complex to displace the chromophore, [Ru^II(bpy)₂(CN)₂], which was monitored by spectrofluorometry; this was classified as the second level of chemosensing signal. By integrating both spectroscopic and spectrofluorometric signals with a simple AND logic gate, only methyl parathion was able to provide a positive response. Other aromatic and aliphatic OP pesticides (diazinon, fenthion, meviphos, terbufos, and phosalone) and 4-nitrophenyl acetate provided negative responses. Furthermore, owing to the metal-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl parathion, the CCA system led to the detoxification of the pesticide. The CCA system also demonstrated its catalytic chemosensing properties in the detection of methyl parathion in real samples, including tap water, river water, and underground water.     

Two-dimensional optical coherence tomography for real-time structural dynamical characterization

We present a two-dimensional optical coherence vibration tomography (2DOCVT) system with an ultra-precision displacement resolution of ~0.1 nm that is capable of in site real-time absolute displacement measurement of structural line vibrations. Experimental results of sinusoidal, sweep and impulse vibrations were reported. The key figures of merit such as the 2DOCVT system could obtain fast line vibration measurement without scanning and it also could be used to capture structural modal parameters in one single impulse excitation measurement without any vibration excitation input information, making it attractive for the application in low-frequency vibration measurement and response-only modal analysis.     

Hexametaphosphate‐Capped Silica Mesoporous Nanoparticles Containing CuII Complexes for the Selective and Sensitive Optical Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Water

Cu^II‐macrocycle functionalized hexametaphosphate‐capped silica mesoporous nanoparticles have been prepared and used for the selective and sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide in aqueous environments. The possibility of using different metal complexes combined with different capping anions and choice of different dyes or other sensing molecules as indicators makes this new protocol highly appealing for the preparation of new sensing systems for sulfide detection in different environments.     

Length scale effects in epoxy: The dependence of elastic moduli measurements on spherical indenter tip radius

Significant increases in the measured elastic moduli with decreasing indentation depth have been previously found in various polymers by indentation tests with a Berkovich tip at micro-to nanometer length scales. These increases in the determined elastic moduli were related to second order displacement gradients which increase with decreasing depth when a conical tip is applied. When a spherical tip is applied, such depth dependence should not be present as the second order displacement gradients remain essentially unchanged with indentation depth. However, these gradients should be proportional to the radius of the spherical tip. To examine the notion of second order displacement gradient dependence in measurements of elastic moduli, indentation experiments are conducted on epoxy with spherical tips of different nominal radii. Accounting for tip imperfections, an increase in the determined elastic moduli is found with decreasing tip radius, which corroborates the notion of second order displacement gradient dependence.     

自由活塞斯特林发动机活塞位移测量

自由活塞斯特林发动机活塞往复振动位移对研究发动机特性具有重要意义,然而该类发动机活塞位于高压封闭腔体内且结构较为紧凑,其活塞往复振动位移难于直接进行测量。加速度传感器具有尺寸小、安装方便和工作稳定等特点,提出了采用加速度传感器测量活塞位移的方法。根据加速度传感器测量位移的原理,建立了一套加速度传感器测量自由活塞斯特林发动机活塞位移的标定试验系统,以位移传感器为基准测试并分析了不同活塞振幅和不同振动频率下加速度传感器测量位移的误差大小。实验结果表明,在活塞振幅小于8 mm,振动频率大于20 Hz条件下,加速度传感器测量位移的误差小于5%。因此加速度传感器可以用于测量自由活塞斯特林发动机的活塞往复运动位移。最后成功把加速度传感器测量的自由活塞斯特林发动机活塞振动位移用于发动机循环指示功的实验研究。     

基于相场描述的拉压不对称强度结构拓扑优化

运用了基于相场描述的拓扑优化方法，来寻找在拉伸和压缩中表现出不对称强度行为的连续体结构的最优布局。依据Drucker-Prager屈服准则和幂率插值方案，优化问题可以描述为在局部应力约束下的最小化结构的体积。用qp放松法来解决应力约束的奇异性，并采用基于P-norm函数的聚合方法对应力约束进行凝聚，该方法实现了约束个数的降低，同时引入了稳定转化法来处理大量的局部应力约束和高度非线性的应力行为，以修正应力，提高优化收敛的稳定性。在优化问题求解时，使用拉格朗日乘子法对目标函数和应力约束进行处理。利用伴随变量法进行灵敏度分析，并通过求解Allen-Cahn方程更新相场函数设计变量。数值算例证明了该优化模型和相应数值技术的有效性，相关算例还揭示了考虑拉压不同强度和考虑同拉压强度约束时得到的结构优化拓扑构型具有显著的差异。     

Influence of temperature and alloying elements on the threshold displacement energies in concentrated Ni–Fe–Cr alloys

Concentrated solid-solution alloys(CSAs) have demonstrated promising irradiation resistance depending on their compositions. Under irradiation, various defects can be produced. One of the most important parameters characterizing the defect production and the resulting defect number is the threshold displacement energies(E_d). In this work, we report the results of E_dvalues in a series of Ni–Fe–Cr concentrated solid solution alloys through molecular dynamics(MD)simulations. Based on several different empirical potentials, we show that the differences in the E_dvalues and its angular dependence are mainly due to the stiffness of the potential in the intermediate regime. The influences of different alloying elements and temperatures on E_dvalues in different CSAs are further evaluated by calculating the defect production probabilities. Our results suggest a limited influence of alloying elements and temperature on E_dvalues in concentrated alloys. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the primary damage and E_dvalues in different alloys. Overall, this work presents a thorough study on the E_dvalues in concentrated alloys, including the influence of empirical potentials,their angular dependence, temperature dependence, and effects on primary defect production.     

Three-dimensional interfacial fracture analysis of a one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal coating

In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) interfacial fracture is analyzed in a one-dimensional (1D) hexagonal quasicrystal (QC) coating structure under mechanical loading. A planar interface crack with arbitrary shape is studied by a displacement discontinuity method. Fundamental solutions of interfacial concentrated displacement discontinuities are obtained by the Hankel transform technique, and the corresponding boundary integral-differential equations are constructed with the superposition principle. Green’s functions of constant interfacial displacement discontinuities within a rectangular element are derived, and a boundary element method is proposed for numerical simulation. The singularity of stresses near the crack front is investigated, and the stress intensity factors (SIFs) as well as energy release rates (ERRs) are determined. Finally, relevant influencing factors on the fracture behavior are discussed.     

基于羧基化聚吡咯-氯化血红素和点触发链置换反应信号放大的电化学生物传感器检测转基因作物中CaMV35S序列

为适应快速增长的转基因生物(GMOs)安全评价与管理的需求,高效、可靠的转基因检测技术研究与应用的重要性日益凸显。该文采用一步法合成了羧基化聚吡咯(cPPy)与氯化血红素(Hemin)的纳米复合物(cPPy-hemin),并以其为信号标签合成了一种DNA双链结构功能化的纳米信标(DNA-cPPy-hemin)。利用cPPy-hemin增强的模拟酶催化活性,结合点触发链置换反应(TSDR)信号放大策略,制备了一种新型电化学基因传感器用于转基因成分的灵敏检测。通过信号探针(Ps)与模板链(Ts)、辅助链(As)结合形成DNA双链体结构中的-NH2功能化cPPy-hemin,制备Ts/As/Ps-cPPy-hemin双链DNA结构的纳米信标。在目标花椰菜花叶病毒35S启动子(CaMV35S)序列和燃料链(Fs)存在下,TSDR过程释放出的Ps-cPPy-hemin与固定在电化学沉积金纳米粒子修饰GCE表面上巯基化的DNA捕获探针(Cs)相结合,利用cPPy-hemin对H₂O₂的模拟酶催化产生的电信号,可实现对CaMV35S的定量检测。在最优条件下...